Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) revolve around chronic pain and other clinical conditions affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), the muscles involved in chewing (mouth and jaw muscles), and other structures in that region. These disorders affect around 31% of adults and can present as pain in the TMJ, limited jaw movement (lock jaw), cracking or popping noises within the joint during jaw function, and more.

According to a 2024 empirical study, there are almost no other studies pertaining to the implications of TMDs in regard to sexual health or sexual functioning. However, this research review did highlight some key aspects of TMD in relation to sexual health based mostly on patient testimonies and patient educational resources.

Sexual Functioning

As one could imagine, jaw pain and issues can affect several aspects of sexual health or sexual activity. Chronic pain in general tends to affect most individuals’ sexual health negatively, often resulting in lack of sexual motivation or desire. As explained by the author of this study, chronic pain from TMD can create dysregulated stress, which is a state where the body’s stress response is either overly reactive or under-reactive. This can be linked to low libido, arousal, and sexual satisfaction. Chronic pain can also cause anxiety and depression in many individuals, which can be associated with low desire and sexual dysfunction, particularly erectile dysfunction, as highlighted in this review.

TMDs may interfere with oral sex – most often reported by women in heterosexual relationships. Additionally, it’s been noted that opening the mouth or clenching the jaw during orgasm may interfere with sexual pleasure or willingness and ability to fully enjoy and feel satisfied by sexual activity. Neck and shoulder pain or overall bodily tension as a result of a TMD may cause problems with mobility during sex, which, of course directly affects sexual functioning. Even something as simple as a kiss could cause distress or pain for those with a TMD.

For example, one study included in the empirical review looked into sex workers and TMDs. Based on this study, it appears sex workers have a higher presence of TMDs. It was assumed that this may be due to stress, trauma, and oral sex overworking the muscles in the jaw and mouth.

The author also brings into account social factors that may be involved with TMDs and sexual functioning. For example, sexual functioning may be influenced by certain cultural or societal norms, which can sometimes inform individuals’ sexual expression or willingness to seek help for chronic conditions. Fear of judgment or misunderstanding may discourage someone from sharing how their TMD is causing distress during sexual activity, for one.

Conclusion

Sources and patient testimonies examined for this research review suggest a potential association between TMDs and sexual dysfunction. However, much more research is needed to truly understand the effects of TMDs on one’s sexual quality of life. The author recommends interdisciplinary collaboration between dentists, sexual health professionals, and physical therapists for further studies. If a TMD is causing sexual distress, it may be beneficial to speak with a sexual health professional.

References:

• Leonid, K. (2024). Exploring the relationship between temporomandibular disorders and sexual function. Sexual Medicine Reviews, 13(1), 89–93. https://doi.org/10.1093/sxmrev/qeae063